Just like in the adult, infants and young children can develop dental caries. Teeth are essential to eat and for speech. Moreover, in children, teeth help to define the shape of the jaw and the face. This is why it is important to care for them because they are essential for the overall development of the child.
What is tooth decay?
Dental caries in young children is a very rapid infectious disease that attacks the teeth of young children. When it occurs in children under 6 years old, it is called early childhood caries (ECC). It can manifest itself very early, sometimes as soon as the baby’s first tooth appears.
Tooth decay first attacks enamel, which is the protective layer of the teeth. Fissures will then be hollowed out in the enamel, and the decay may progress to the dentine and then to the pulp of the tooth, which contains the nerves and the blood vessels. The bacteria present in the mouth will then penetrate into the heart of the tooth through this path, causing a painful infection.
The teeth then lose their luster and become dull, yellow or brown. It should be noted that the enamel of the primary teeth is much thinner than that of the permanent teeth, who erupt at around 12 years old. This is why young children are at high risk of developing dental caries.
How is tooth decay formed?
In both adult and children’s mouths, there is a thick substance that sticks to the teeth that is called dental plaque. This plaque is essentially composed of leftover food and bacteria. These bacteria are naturally present in the mouth and help in the decomposition of the food and drinks we consume. However, these bacteria produce an acid that can be harmful to the teeth. When these are not regularly cleaned to remove the plaque, the prolonged effect of the acid can cause degradation of the teeth and lead to the appearance of dental caries.
A diet rich in sugars and acidic foods or a lack of fluoride combined with poor oral hygiene contribute to the development of caries in young children.
How to prevent tooth decay in young children?
First, good oral hygiene must be in place. As soon as the first teeth appear in the baby, it is important to pick up the habit of cleaning them with a clean and damp cloth. When there are enough teeth (between 6 and 10 teeth), the use of a toothbrush and toothpaste appropriate for the child’s age is recommended. Teeth brushing will then be done at least twice a day, ideally after each meal, but especially before bedtime. When the child is able to spit the toothpaste instead of swallowing it, use a fluoridated toothpaste and introduce the use of floss as soon as two teeth touch each other.
Prioritize fresh fruits and vegetables for snacks, and give water to the child. If it prefers a sweet drink, consider diluting it with water to reduce its intake of sugars. For young babies, care must be taken not to let them sleep with their mouths full of milk, whether it’s coming from the mother’s breast or from a bottle. It should be noted that the milk (maternal or commercial) contains sugars which will contribute more acidity in the mouth.
Finally, it is very important to make a habit of regularly consulting your dentist who will give the care and advice adapted to the child. It would be advisable to make an appointment after the appearance of the first teeth and thereafter every 6 months to ensure that the teeth of the child stay and grow healthy.
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